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Objective. To assess the impact of obesity and overweight on the course of COVID-19. Patients and methods. This prospective study included 218 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection aged 18 to 94 years hospitalized between June 2020 and March 2021. We evaluated their clinical and laboratory parameters and their association with body weight. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on their body mass index (BMI). Group 1 included 81 patients with grade 1-3 obesity (BMI >=30);group 2 comprised 71 overweight patients (BMI >=25 and <30);group 3 included 66 patients with normal body weight (BMI >=18.5 and <25). We analyzed clinical symptoms (including shortness of breath, fever, myalgia, headache, fatigue, changes in the oropharynx, cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, anosmia, and diarrhea), prevalence of concomitant disorders and complications, findings of computed tomography and pulse oximetry, and findings of instrumental and laboratory examinations (complete blood count, urine test, electrocardiography, echo cardiography, biochemical assays, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin index, D-dimer, ferritin). Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software. Results. We found that overweight and obese patients were more likely to have the main COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities than those with normal weight. Overweight and obese patients also required respiratory support more frequently than patients with normal weight. Obese and overweight patients had more severe systemic inflammation (CRP, procalcitonin), cytolysis (ALT, AST), and thrombosis (D-dimer). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that obesity and overweight are the factors associated with a more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, which should be considered when planning their treatment and developing resource strategies.Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.
RESUMEN
A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out at the end of 2019 in Wuhan (China). The disease has become a global pandemic and claimed more than 6 million lives after spreading rapidly around the world. Issues related to the complicated course of COVID-19 mechanisms continue to be the subject of active study. It is known that morbidity and mortality increase dramatically with increasing age and concomitant diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Although most infected people recover, even young and otherwise healthy patients can get sick with this disease. In this regard, an urgent task is to search for specific genetic factors that can explain the predisposition of people to infection and the development of a severe COVID-19 form. Human genetic determinants can provide the scientific basis for disease prediction and the development of personalized therapies to counteract the epidemic. In addition, cases of repeated infection with SARS-CoV-2 are increasingly being registered, which occurs 1–6 months after initial infection on average and depends on the virus genome structure. Studies conducted on sequencing viral genomes have shown that some patients were re-infected with the same strain of coronavirus, while others were different. This, in turn, causes researchers concerns about the effectiveness of immunity after infection and vaccine reliability. The genetic characteristics of a person and a virus commonly determine the tendency for reinfection. It is difficult to determine the true COVID-19 reinfection prevalence, which is explained by the low detectability of asymptomatic reinfection and the fact that many patients with a mild course of the disease were not tested at an early stage of the pandemic. Therefore, the true prevalence of reinfection with COVID-19 does not reflect the current reality. There are many more cases of reinfection than are described in the literature. In this regard, the true contribution of a virus' genetic features to reinfection of COVID-19 can be determined only after population studies, and when developing immunization programs against a COVID-19, it is necessary to take into account the prevalence of reinfection in the population. The article can be used under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license © Authors, 2022.
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The article presents the results of investigation of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in newborns with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 of different severity. It has been revealed that total amount of SARS-CoV-2 RNA on nasopharyngeal mucosa of newborns is significantly higher as compared to elder children and is not associated with disease severity and lung injury.
RESUMEN
Objective. To assess the impact of obesity and overweight on the course of COVID-19. Patients and methods. This prospective study included 218 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection aged 18 to 94 years hospitalized between June 2020 and March 2021. We evaluated their clinical and laboratory parameters and their association with body weight. All patients were divided into 3 groups depending on their body mass index (BMI). Group 1 included 81 patients with grade 1-3 obesity (BMI >=30);group 2 comprised 71 overweight patients (BMI >=25 and <30);group 3 included 66 patients with normal body weight (BMI >=18.5 and <25). We analyzed clinical symptoms (including shortness of breath, fever, myalgia, headache, fatigue, changes in the oropharynx, cough, rhinorrhea, sore throat, anosmia, and diarrhea), prevalence of concomitant disorders and complications, findings of computed tomography and pulse oximetry, and findings of instrumental and laboratory examinations (complete blood count, urine test, electrocardiography, echo cardiography, biochemical assays, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin index, D-dimer, ferritin). Data analysis was performed using the Statistica 6.0 software. Results. We found that overweight and obese patients were more likely to have the main COVID-19 symptoms and comorbidities than those with normal weight. Overweight and obese patients also required respiratory support more frequently than patients with normal weight. Obese and overweight patients had more severe systemic inflammation (CRP, procalcitonin), cytolysis (ALT, AST), and thrombosis (D-dimer). Conclusion. Our findings suggest that obesity and overweight are the factors associated with a more severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, which should be considered when planning their treatment and developing resource strategies.Copyright © 2022, Dynasty Publishing House. All rights reserved.
RESUMEN
A new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out at the end of 2019 in Wuhan (China). The disease has become a global pandemic and claimed more than 6 million lives after spreading rapidly around the world. Issues related to the complicated course of COVID-19 mechanisms continue to be the subject of active study. It is known that morbidity and mortality increase dramatically with increasing age and concomitant diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Although most infected people recover, even young and otherwise healthy patients can get sick with this disease. In this regard, an urgent task is to search for specific genetic factors that can explain the predisposition of people to infection and the development of a severe COVID-19 form. Human genetic determinants can provide the scientific basis for disease prediction and the development of personalized therapies to counteract the epidemic. In addition, cases of repeated infection with SARS-CoV-2 are increasingly being registered, which occurs 1-6 months after initial infection on average and depends on the virus genome structure. Studies conducted on sequencing viral genomes have shown that some patients were re-infected with the same strain of coronavirus, while others were different. This, in turn, causes researchers concerns about the effectiveness of immunity after infection and vaccine reliability. The genetic characteristics of a person and a virus commonly determine the tendency for reinfection. It is difficult to determine the true COVID-19 reinfection prevalence, which is explained by the low detectability of asymptomatic reinfection and the fact that many patients with a mild course of the disease were not tested at an early stage of the pandemic. Therefore, the true prevalence of reinfection with COVID-19 does not reflect the current reality. There are many more cases of reinfection than are described in the literature. In this regard, the true contribution of a virus' genetic features to reinfection of COVID-19 can be determined only after population studies, and when developing immunization programs against a COVID-19, it is necessary to take into account the prevalence of reinfection in the population.
RESUMEN
Background. The mechanism of the immune response in patients with COVID-19 is still poorly understood and differs from other respiratory infections. Immunodeficiencies and age-related characteristics of immunity can be regarded as factors influencing reinfection and a predisposition to prolonged persistence of SARS-CoV-2. Most of the studies report about post-infection immunity to SARS-CoV-2 for adults and less for children. However, understanding the dynamics of antibody production to SARS-CoV-2 among children as well as other unique features of immune response is extremely important, because this provides to avoid possible complications and long-term outcomes of COVID-19, and predict the epidemic spread of the new coronavirus in the organized groups of children such as kindergartens, schools, study groups and clubs. Aim: to evaluate the humoral and cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Materials and methods. We reported data of the first phase prospective cohort study of immunity among 60 children living in Irkutsk, Russia within a month after SARS-CoV-2 infection, which took place in October and November 2020. Results. Immunity of children one month after SARS-Cov-2 infection was characterized by suppressed cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and phagocytosis dysfunction. Reduced phagocytosis by neutrophils was noted for 61.6 % of individuals. Conclusions. Children after COVID-19 had impaired immunity to SARS-CoV-2, which may be a predictor of chronic infection and other long-term outcomes of COVID-19. © 2021 Sovero Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.
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Last year the COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has started. The new coronavirus is highly contagious and causes severe complications. The mechanisms of humoral immunity and kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in a population are not well understood. Therefore, we aimed to summarize and analyze numerous global and Russian serological studies for understanding dynamics of the SARSCoV-2 humoral immune response and getting an accurate picture of the seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in the world population. The PubMed and e-library databases were searched from February 2020 to March 2021 using terms "SARS-CoV-2", "antibodies", "humoral immunity". At the beginning of the pandemic first studies were cross-sectional by design and were responsible for determination of the seropositivity and for understanding the fundamental humoral immunity parameters of SARS-CoV-2. Since then, longitudinal seroepidemiological studies have been studying antibody kinetics. Seroconversion time for IgM, IgG antibodies varies, but most researchers report the seroconversion of IgM from the 1stto 14thdays after the onset of clinical manifestations, and the seroconversion for IgG is around the 14thday with a concentration peak by the 21stday. Regarding seroprevalence we may say about low herd immunity at the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, global seroprevalence is about 10 %, and more than 20 % for regions with high incidence and among healthcare workers. Seroprevalence studies have to be continued for more accurate monitoring of long-term humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2, because the majority of the world's population is still susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. © 2021 Sovero Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.